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Protective effect of metformin on rat diabetic retinopathy involves suppression of toll-like receptor 4/nuclear factor-k B expression and glutamate excitotoxicity

Protective effect of metformin on rat diabetic retinopathy involves suppression of toll-like receptor 4/nuclear factor-k B expression and glutamate excitotoxicity
Posted by Nicole

Microvascular issues of diabetes mellitus are progressively vital causes for mortality. Metformin (MET) is taken into account because the first-line remedy for sort 2 diabetes sufferers, and could also be particularly useful in instances of diabetic retinopathy though the exact mechanisms of MET motion usually are not totally elucidated. The present examine was designed to examine the antioxidant and modulatory actions of MET on DRET in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. The impact of MET on the toll-like receptor 4/nuclear issue kappa B (TLR4/NFkB), inflammatory burden and glutamate excitotoxicity was assessed.

Twenty-four male rats had been assigned to 4 experimental teams: (1) Automobile group, (2) Diabetic management: developed diabetes by injection of streptozotocin (60 mg/kg, i.p.). (3&4) Diabetic + MET group: diabetic rats had been left for 9 weeks with out therapy after which obtained oral MET 100 and 200 mg/kg for six weeks. Retinal samples had been utilized in biochemical, histological, immunohistochemical and electron microscopic research. MET administration considerably decreased retinal degree of insulin development issue and considerably suppressed the diabetic induced improve of malondialdehyde, glutamate, tumor necrosis factor-α and vascular endothelial development issue (VEGF). Additional, MET decreased the retinal mRNA expression of NFkB, tumor necrosis factor-α and TLR4 in diabetic rats.

The present findings shed the sunshine on MET’s efficacy as an adjuvant remedy to hinder the event of diabetic retinopathy, at the least partly, by way of inhibition of oxidative stress-induced NFkB/TLR4 pathway and suppression of glutamate excitotoxicity.

 

Loading historical past modifications the morphology and compressive force-induced expression of receptor activator of nuclear issue kappa B ligand/osteoprotegerin in MLO-Y4 osteocytes

Background: On this examine, we investigated the impact of the mechanical loading historical past on the expression of receptor activator of nuclear issue kappa B ligand (RANKL) and osteoprotegerin (OPG) in MLO-Y4 osteocyte-like cells.
Strategies: Three hours after MLO-Y4 osteocytes had been seeded, a steady compressive power (CCF) of 31 dynes/cm2 with or with out further CCF (32 dynes/cm2) was loaded onto the osteocytes. After 36 h, the extra CCF (loading historical past) was eliminated for a restoration interval of 10 h. The expression of RANKL, OPG, RANKL/OPG ratio, cell numbers, viability and morphology had been time-dependently examined at 0, 3, 6 and 10 h. Then, the identical further CCF was utilized once more for 1 h to all osteocytes with or with out the hole junction inhibitor to look at the expression of RANKL, OPG, the RANKL/OPG ratio and different genes that important to characterize the phenotype of MLO-Y4 cells. Fluorescence restoration after photobleaching method was additionally utilized to check the variations of gap-junctional intercellular communications (GJIC) amongst MLO-Y4 cells.
Outcomes: The expression of RANKL and OPG by MLO-Y4 osteocytes and not using a loading historical past was dramatically decreased and elevated, respectively, in response to the 1-h loading of further weight. Nonetheless, the expression of RANKL, OPG and the RANKL/OPG ratio had been maintained on the identical degree as within the management group within the MLO-Y4 osteocytes with a loading historical past however with out hole junction inhibitor therapy. Remedy of loading historical past considerably modified the capability of GJIC and protein expression of connexin 43 (Cx43) however not the mRNA expression of Cx43. No vital distinction was noticed within the cell quantity or viability between the MLO-Y4 osteocyte-like cells with and and not using a loading historical past or amongst totally different time checkpoints through the restoration interval. The cell morphology confirmed vital modifications and was correlated with the expression of OPG, Gja1 and Dmp1 through the restoration interval.
Conclusion: Our findings indicated that the compressive force-induced modifications within the RANKL/OPG expression may very well be habituated inside at the least 11 h by 36-h CCF publicity. GJIC and cell morphology might play roles in response to loading historical past in MLO-Y4 osteocyte-like cells.
 Protective effect of metformin on rat diabetic retinopathy involves suppression of toll-like receptor 4/nuclear factor-k B expression and glutamate excitotoxicity
Protective effect of metformin on rat diabetic retinopathy involves suppression of toll-like receptor 4/nuclear factor-k B expression and glutamate excitotoxicity

Septic serum mediates inflammatory harm in human umbilical vein endothelial cells by way of reactive oxygen species, mitogen activated protein kinases and nuclear issue‑κB

Sepsis‑induced blood vessel dysfunction is especially brought on by microvascular endothelial cell harm. Nonetheless, the mechanism underlying sepsis‑induced endothelial cell harm stays unclear. The current examine hypothesized that sepsis‑induced inflammatory harm of endothelial cells could also be step one of endothelial barrier dysfunction. Subsequently, the current examine aimed to uncover the mechanism underlying the inflammatory results of sepsis. A rat mannequin of cecal ligation and puncture‑induced sepsis was established, and septic serum was collected. Subsequently, human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) had been handled with the remoted septic or regular serum. HUVEC viability was assessed utilizing a Cell Rely Equipment‑eight assay.
Moreover, transmission electron microscopy and reverse transcription‑quantitative PCR (RT‑qPCR) evaluation had been carried out to look at the cell morphology and decide the mRNA expression ranges in septic serum‑induced HUVECs. The protein expression ranges had been evaluated by western blot evaluation, and the secretion of the inflammatory elements interleukin (IL)‑1β, IL‑6 and tumor necrosis issue (TNF)‑α was decided by ELISA. Moreover, reactive oxygen species (ROS) era and nuclear issue (NF)‑κB nuclear translocation had been noticed below a fluorescence microscope. The outcomes of the current examine demonstrated that HUVEC viability was considerably decreased following 12‑ or 24‑h therapy with septic serum. As well as, chromatin condensation, mitochondrial vacuolization and endoplasmic reticulum degranulation had been noticed following therapy with septic serum.

Kappa Light Chain (Kappa-IgLC) Antibody

abx411421-1ml 1 ml
EUR 526.8

Kappa Light Chain (Kappa-IgLC) Antibody

abx411422-05mg 0.5 mg
EUR 794.4

Kappa Light Chain (Kappa-IgLC) Antibody

abx413125-1mg 1 mg
EUR 994.8

Kappa Light Chain (Kappa-IgLC) Antibody

abx415783-1mg 1 mg
EUR 526.8

Kappa Light Chain (Kappa-IgLC) Antibody

abx415786-05mg 0.5 mg
EUR 477.6

Kappa Light Chain (Kappa-IgLC) Antibody

abx415797-1mg 1 mg
EUR 594

Kappa Light Chain (Kappa-IgLC) Antibody

abx415799-05mg 0.5 mg
EUR 477.6

immunoglobulin Kappa (immunoglobulin kappa) Antibody

abx234295-100ug 100 ug
EUR 610.8

Kappa Light Chain (Kappa-IgLC) Antibody (AP)

abx411146-1ml 1 ml
EUR 678

Kappa Light Chain (Kappa-IgLC) Antibody (AP)

abx411216-1ml 1 ml
EUR 678

Kappa Light Chain (Kappa-IgLC) Antibody (HRP)

abx411147-1ml 1 ml
EUR 594

Kappa Light Chain (Kappa-IgLC) Antibody (RPE)

abx411150-025mg 0.25 mg
EUR 760.8

Kappa Light Chain (Kappa-IgLC) Antibody (RPE)

abx411219-05mg 0.5 mg
EUR 910.8

Kappa Light Chain (Kappa-IgLC) Antibody (HRP)

abx413129-01mg 0.1 mg
EUR 594

Kappa Light Chain (Kappa-IgLC) Antibody (HRP)

abx415785-1ml 1 ml
EUR 594

Kappa Light Chain (Kappa-IgLC) Antibody (HRP)

abx415788-1ml 1 ml
EUR 594

Kappa Light Chain (Kappa-IgLC) Antibody (RPE)

abx415789-05ml 0.5 ml
EUR 760.8

Kappa Light Chain (Kappa-IgLC) Antibody (HRP)

abx414986-05mg 0.5 mg
EUR 861.6

Kappa Light Chain (Kappa-IgLC) Antibody (HRP)

abx412923-05mg 0.5 mg
EUR 861.6

Kappa Light Chain (Kappa-IgLC) Antibody (FITC)

abx411143-05mg 0.5 mg
EUR 526.8

Human Kappa Light Chain (Kappa-IgLC) Protein

abx670245-1mg 1 mg
EUR 661.2

Human Kappa Light Chain (Kappa-IgLC) Protein

abx670246-1mg 1 mg
EUR 777.6

Kappa Light Chain (Kappa-IgLC) Antibody (FITC)

abx415784-1mg 1 mg
EUR 560.4

KAPPA/CD19

KAPPAF219PE1-50T 50 test
EUR 420.36

KAPPA/CD19

KF319PE4-50T 50 test
EUR 559.2

Kappa Light Chain (Kappa-IgLC) Antibody (TRITC)

abx411145-05mg 0.5 mg
EUR 744

Kappa Light Chain (Kappa-IgLC) Antibody (Biotin)

abx411149-1mg 1 mg
EUR 727.2

Kappa Light Chain (Kappa-IgLC) Antibody (Biotin)

abx411218-1mg 1 mg
EUR 594

Kappa Light Chain (Kappa-IgLC) Antibody (Biotin)

abx415787-05mg 0.5 mg
EUR 560.4

Kappa (NFKB1)

MO47031 100 ul
EUR 418.8

Mouse Immunoglobulin M Kappa (IgM Kappa) Protein

abx670294-1mg 1 mg
EUR 760.8

Mouse Immunoglobulin E Kappa (IgE Kappa) Protein

abx670299-05mg 0.5 mg
EUR 727.2

Human Immunoglobulin G1 Kappa (IgG1 Kappa) Protein

abx670165-1mg 1 mg
EUR 560.4

Human Immunoglobulin G2 Kappa (IgG2 Kappa) Protein

abx670166-1mg 1 mg
EUR 627.6

Mouse Immunoglobulin G1 Kappa (IgG1 Kappa) Protein

abx670291-1mg 1 mg
EUR 760.8

KAPPA/LAMBDA

1KF3LPE2-50T 50 test
EUR 806.46

KAPPA/LAMBDA

KAPPAF2LAMBDAPE-50T 50 test
EUR 496.8

LAMBDA/KAPPA

LF2KPE3-50T 50 test
EUR 738.6

Mouse Immunoglobulin G2a Kappa (IgG2a Kappa) Protein

abx670292-1mg 1 mg
EUR 760.8

Mouse Immunoglobulin G2b Kappa (IgG2b Kappa) Protein

abx670293-1mg 1 mg
EUR 760.8

Human Kappa Light Chain (Kappa-IgLC) ELISA Kit

abx055741-96tests 96 tests
EUR 801.6

Kappa Antibody

P1045-01m 0.1m
EUR 163.2

Kappa Antibody

P1045-1ml 1ml
EUR 337.2

Kappa Light Chain (Kappa-IgLC) Antibody (Texas Red)

abx411148-05mg 0.5 mg
EUR 744

Kappa Light Chain (Kappa-IgLC) Antibody (Texas Red)

abx411217-1mg 1 mg
EUR 560.4

kappa-Carrageenan

GC6839-100G 100 g
EUR 74.4

kappa-Carrageenan

GC6839-1KG 1 kg
EUR 270

kappa-Carrageenan

GC6839-250G 250 g
EUR 112.8

kappa-Carrageenan

GC6839-25G 25 g
EUR 51.6

kappa-Carrageenan

GC6839-500G 500 g
EUR 170.4

kappa-Carrageenan

GC6839-1 1
EUR 193.7

kappa-Carrageenan

GC6839-100 100
EUR 31.7

kappa-Carrageenan

GC6839-25 25
EUR 13.9

kappa-Carrageenan

GC6839-250 250
EUR 63.3

kappa-Carrageenan

GC6839-500 500
EUR 110.7

Kappa casein ELISA Kit| Bovine Kappa casein ELISA Kit

EF011008 96 Tests
EUR 826.8

Mouse IgM Kappa

31R-1091 100 ug
EUR 207.6
Description: Purified Mouse IgM Kappa Isotype Control

Kappa/Lambda Light Chain (Kappa/Lambda-IgLC) Antibody (HRP)

abx412924-05mg 0.5 mg
EUR 1028.4

KAPPA Antibody (PE)

abx200537-100tests 100 tests
EUR 1011.6

KAPPA Antibody (PE)

abx200539-100tests 100 tests
EUR 727.2

Kappa Light Chain

10R-8329 100 ug
EUR 318
Description: Mouse monoclonal Kappa Light Chain antibody

Kappa Light Chain

A20064 2 ml
EUR 94.8

IgA kappa Protein

abx060686-1mg 1 mg
EUR 777.6

Kappa Light Chain

A00064 6 ml
EUR 129.6

Kappa Light Chain

A00064.0025 25 ml
EUR 302.4

KAPPA/LAMBDA/CD19

KAPPAF2LAMBDAPE19PC2-50T 50 test
EUR 941.4

KAPPA Antibody (APC)

abx201104-100tests 100 tests
EUR 777.6

DGK kappa Antibody

20-abx133186
  • EUR 360.00
  • EUR 526.80
  • EUR 226.80
  • 100 ul
  • 200 ul
  • 30 ul

PTP kappa antibody

70R-50295 100 ul
EUR 292.8
Description: Purified Polyclonal PTP kappa antibody

PTP kappa Antibody

20-abx008797
  • EUR 360.00
  • EUR 526.80
  • EUR 226.80
  • 100 ul
  • 200 ul
  • 30 ul

KAPPA Antibody (FITC)

abx200536-100tests 100 tests
EUR 828

KAPPA Antibody (FITC)

abx200538-100tests 100 tests
EUR 727.2

RBPJ kappa antibody

70R-13485 100 ul
EUR 548.4
Description: Affinity purified Rabbit polyclonal RBPJ kappa antibody

Kappa actin antibody

70R-51228 100 ul
EUR 292.8
Description: Purified Polyclonal Kappa actin antibody

kappa actin Antibody

20-abx007912
  • EUR 360.00
  • EUR 526.80
  • EUR 226.80
  • 100 ul
  • 200 ul
  • 30 ul

Kappa Opioid Receptor

MO15098 100 ug
EUR 459.6

Kappa Opioid Receptor

RA10103T 50 ul
EUR 212.4

NFR kappa B Antibody

20-abx217161
  • EUR 510.00
  • EUR 410.40
  • 100 ug
  • 50 ug

Kappa Light Chain (HRP)

10R-8330 100 ug
EUR 338.4
Description: Mouse monoclonal Kappa Light Chain antibody (HRP)

Mouse IgM kappa Protein

abx060693-1mg 1 mg
EUR 794.4

Human IgE Kappa protein

31C-CP1035K 100 ug
EUR 547.2
Description: Purified Human IgE Kappa protein

Human IgM Kappa protein

31R-AI088S 1 mg
EUR 159.6
Description: Purified Human IgM Kappa protein

Mouse IgM, kappa Protein

abx160025-1mg 1 mg
EUR 844.8

IgG kappa chain antibody

10-1935 200 ul
EUR 651.6
Description: Mouse monoclonal IgG kappa chain antibody

Mouse IgG1 kappa Protein

abx060692-1mg 1 mg
EUR 627.6

Human IgG2 kappa Protein

abx060993-1mg 1 mg
EUR 460.8

Human IgG4 kappa Protein

abx060995-1mg 1 mg
EUR 678

Anti-NF kappa antibody

STJ94454 200 µl
EUR 236.4
Description: Rabbit polyclonal to NFRkappaB.

Mouse IgG2a, kappa Protein

abx061466-1mg 1 mg
EUR 861.6

Anti-PP2 kappa antibody

STJ95197 200 µl
EUR 236.4
Description: Rabbit polyclonal to PP2Ckappa.

Kappa Casein (CSN3) Antibody

abx232019-100ug 100 ug
EUR 577.2

Casein Kappa (CSN3) Antibody

20-abx171599
  • EUR 1028.40
  • EUR 526.80
  • 1 mg
  • 200 ug

Casein Kappa (CSN3) Antibody

20-abx171600
  • EUR 1178.40
  • EUR 594.00
  • 1 mg
  • 200 ug

kappa light chain Antibody

abx025345-400ul 400 ul
EUR 627.6

kappa light chain Antibody

abx025345-80l 80 µl
EUR 343.2

PTP kappa Blocking Peptide

20-abx063170
  • EUR 326.40
  • EUR 493.20
  • 1 mg
  • 5 mg

Casein Kappa (CSN3) Antibody

20-abx129181
  • EUR 510.00
  • EUR 159.60
  • EUR 1446.00
  • EUR 693.60
  • EUR 393.60
  • 100 ug
  • 10 ug
  • 1 mg
  • 200 ug
  • 50 ug

Casein Kappa (CSN3) Antibody

20-abx130922
  • EUR 577.20
  • EUR 159.60
  • EUR 1680.00
  • EUR 794.40
  • EUR 427.20
  • 100 ug
  • 10 ug
  • 1 mg
  • 200 ug
  • 50 ug

Kappa Light chain Antibody

46588-100ul 100ul
EUR 302.4

Anti-PP2C kappa Antibody

A04319 100ul
EUR 476.4
Description: Rabbit Polyclonal Antibody for PP2C kappa Antibody (PPM1K) detection.tested for WB in Human.

Kappa light chain Antibody

DF13703 100ul
EUR 420

DGK kappa Blocking Peptide

20-abx161835
  • EUR 326.40
  • EUR 493.20
  • 1 mg
  • 5 mg

Kappa Light Chain Antibody

R20178-100UG 100ug
EUR 347.65
Description: This recombinant Human Kappa Light Chain antibody reacts to the kappa light chain of human immunoglobulins. No cross reactivity with lambda or mouse/rat/goat IgG.

Kappa Light Chain Antibody

R20178BTN-50UG 50ug
EUR 347.65
Description: This recombinant Human Kappa Light Chain antibody reacts to the kappa light chain of human immunoglobulins. No cross reactivity with the lambda light chain, mouse IgG, rat IgG, or goat IgG.

Kappa Light Chain Antibody

R20178SAF-250UG 250ug
EUR 832.15
Description: This recombinant Human Kappa Light Chain antibody reacts to the kappa light chain of human immunoglobulins. No cross reactivity with lambda or mouse/rat/goat IgG.

Kappa Light Chain Antibody

RQ5072 100ul
EUR 356.15
Description: The immunoglobulin light chain is the small polypeptide subunit of an antibody (immunoglobulin). A typical antibody is composed of two immunoglobulin (Ig) heavy chains and two Ig light chains. In mammals, the two light chains in an antibody are always identical, with only one type of light chain, kappa or lambda. [Wiki]

Kappa Light Chain Antibody

V3135-100UG 100 ug
EUR 349.3
Description: This mAb is specific to kappa light chain of immunoglobulin and shows no cross-reaction with lambda light chain or any of the five heavy chains. It recognizes human Ig kappa light chains of both secreted and cell surface immunoglobulin. It detects also free kappa light chains. In mammals, the two light chains in an antibody are always identical, with only one type of light chain, kappa or lambda. The ratio of Kappa to Lambda is 70:30. However, with the occurrence of multiple myeloma or other B-cell malignancies this ratio is disturbed. Antibody to the kappa light chain is reportedly useful in the identification of leukemias, plasmacytomas, and certain non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. Demonstration of clonality in lymphoid infiltrates indicates that the infiltrate is malignant.

Kappa Light Chain Antibody

V3135-20UG 20 ug
EUR 153.3
Description: This mAb is specific to kappa light chain of immunoglobulin and shows no cross-reaction with lambda light chain or any of the five heavy chains. It recognizes human Ig kappa light chains of both secreted and cell surface immunoglobulin. It detects also free kappa light chains. In mammals, the two light chains in an antibody are always identical, with only one type of light chain, kappa or lambda. The ratio of Kappa to Lambda is 70:30. However, with the occurrence of multiple myeloma or other B-cell malignancies this ratio is disturbed. Antibody to the kappa light chain is reportedly useful in the identification of leukemias, plasmacytomas, and certain non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. Demonstration of clonality in lymphoid infiltrates indicates that the infiltrate is malignant.

Kappa Light Chain Antibody

V3135IHC-7ML 7 ml
EUR 349.3
Description: This mAb is specific to kappa light chain of immunoglobulin and shows no cross-reaction with lambda light chain or any of the five heavy chains. It recognizes human Ig kappa light chains of both secreted and cell surface immunoglobulin. It detects also free kappa light chains. In mammals, the two light chains in an antibody are always identical, with only one type of light chain, kappa or lambda. The ratio of Kappa to Lambda is 70:30. However, with the occurrence of multiple myeloma or other B-cell malignancies this ratio is disturbed. Antibody to the kappa light chain is reportedly useful in the identification of leukemias, plasmacytomas, and certain non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. Demonstration of clonality in lymphoid infiltrates indicates that the infiltrate is malignant.

Kappa Light Chain Antibody

V3135SAF-100UG 100 ug
EUR 349.3
Description: This mAb is specific to kappa light chain of immunoglobulin and shows no cross-reaction with lambda light chain or any of the five heavy chains. It recognizes human Ig kappa light chains of both secreted and cell surface immunoglobulin. It detects also free kappa light chains. In mammals, the two light chains in an antibody are always identical, with only one type of light chain, kappa or lambda. The ratio of Kappa to Lambda is 70:30. However, with the occurrence of multiple myeloma or other B-cell malignancies this ratio is disturbed. Antibody to the kappa light chain is reportedly useful in the identification of leukemias, plasmacytomas, and certain non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. Demonstration of clonality in lymphoid infiltrates indicates that the infiltrate is malignant.

Kappa Light Chain Antibody

V3148-100UG 100 ug
EUR 349.3
Description: This mAb is specific to kappa light chain of immunoglobulin and shows no cross-reaction with lambda light chain or any of the five heavy chains. In mammals, the two light chains in an antibody are always identical, with only one type of light chain, kappa or lambda. The ratio of Kappa to Lambda is 70:30. However, with the occurrence of multiple myeloma or other B-cell malignancies this ratio is disturbed. Antibody to the kappa light chain is reportedly useful in the identification of leukemias, plasmacytomas, and certain non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. Demonstration of clonality in lymphoid infiltrates indicates that the infiltrate is malignant.

Kappa Light Chain Antibody

V3148-20UG 20 ug
EUR 153.3
Description: This mAb is specific to kappa light chain of immunoglobulin and shows no cross-reaction with lambda light chain or any of the five heavy chains. In mammals, the two light chains in an antibody are always identical, with only one type of light chain, kappa or lambda. The ratio of Kappa to Lambda is 70:30. However, with the occurrence of multiple myeloma or other B-cell malignancies this ratio is disturbed. Antibody to the kappa light chain is reportedly useful in the identification of leukemias, plasmacytomas, and certain non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. Demonstration of clonality in lymphoid infiltrates indicates that the infiltrate is malignant.

Kappa Light Chain Antibody

V3148IHC-7ML 7 ml
EUR 349.3
Description: This mAb is specific to kappa light chain of immunoglobulin and shows no cross-reaction with lambda light chain or any of the five heavy chains. In mammals, the two light chains in an antibody are always identical, with only one type of light chain, kappa or lambda. The ratio of Kappa to Lambda is 70:30. However, with the occurrence of multiple myeloma or other B-cell malignancies this ratio is disturbed. Antibody to the kappa light chain is reportedly useful in the identification of leukemias, plasmacytomas, and certain non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. Demonstration of clonality in lymphoid infiltrates indicates that the infiltrate is malignant.

Kappa Light Chain Antibody

V3148SAF-100UG 100 ug
EUR 349.3
Description: This mAb is specific to kappa light chain of immunoglobulin and shows no cross-reaction with lambda light chain or any of the five heavy chains. In mammals, the two light chains in an antibody are always identical, with only one type of light chain, kappa or lambda. The ratio of Kappa to Lambda is 70:30. However, with the occurrence of multiple myeloma or other B-cell malignancies this ratio is disturbed. Antibody to the kappa light chain is reportedly useful in the identification of leukemias, plasmacytomas, and certain non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. Demonstration of clonality in lymphoid infiltrates indicates that the infiltrate is malignant.

Kappa Light Chain Antibody

V3302-100UG 100 ug
EUR 349.3
Description: This mAb is specific to kappa light chain of immunoglobulin and shows no cross-reaction with lambda light chain or any of the five heavy chains. In mammals, the two light chains in an antibody are always identical, with only one type of light chain, kappa or lambda. The ratio of Kappa to Lambda is 70:30. However, with the occurrence of multiple myeloma or other B-cell malignancies this ratio is disturbed. Antibody to the kappa light chain is reportedly useful in the identification of leukemias, plasmacytomas, and certain non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. Demonstration of clonality in lymphoid infiltrates indicates that the infiltrate is malignant.

Kappa Light Chain Antibody

V3302-20UG 20 ug
EUR 153.3
Description: This mAb is specific to kappa light chain of immunoglobulin and shows no cross-reaction with lambda light chain or any of the five heavy chains. In mammals, the two light chains in an antibody are always identical, with only one type of light chain, kappa or lambda. The ratio of Kappa to Lambda is 70:30. However, with the occurrence of multiple myeloma or other B-cell malignancies this ratio is disturbed. Antibody to the kappa light chain is reportedly useful in the identification of leukemias, plasmacytomas, and certain non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. Demonstration of clonality in lymphoid infiltrates indicates that the infiltrate is malignant.

Kappa Light Chain Antibody

V3302SAF-100UG 100 ug
EUR 349.3
Description: This mAb is specific to kappa light chain of immunoglobulin and shows no cross-reaction with lambda light chain or any of the five heavy chains. In mammals, the two light chains in an antibody are always identical, with only one type of light chain, kappa or lambda. The ratio of Kappa to Lambda is 70:30. However, with the occurrence of multiple myeloma or other B-cell malignancies this ratio is disturbed. Antibody to the kappa light chain is reportedly useful in the identification of leukemias, plasmacytomas, and certain non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. Demonstration of clonality in lymphoid infiltrates indicates that the infiltrate is malignant.

Kappa Light Chain Antibody

V3591-100UG 100 ug
EUR 349.3
Description: This mAb is specific to kappa light chain of immunoglobulin and shows no cross-reaction with lambda light chain or any of the five heavy chains. In mammals, the two light chains in an antibody are always identical, with only one type of light chain, kappa or lambda. The ratio of Kappa to Lambda is 70:30. However, with the occurrence of multiple myeloma or other B-cell malignancies this ratio is disturbed. Antibody to the kappa light chain is reportedly useful in the identification of leukemias, plasmacytomas, and certain non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. Demonstration of clonality in lymphoid infiltrates indicates that the infiltrate is malignant.

Kappa Light Chain Antibody

V3591-20UG 20 ug
EUR 153.3
Description: This mAb is specific to kappa light chain of immunoglobulin and shows no cross-reaction with lambda light chain or any of the five heavy chains. In mammals, the two light chains in an antibody are always identical, with only one type of light chain, kappa or lambda. The ratio of Kappa to Lambda is 70:30. However, with the occurrence of multiple myeloma or other B-cell malignancies this ratio is disturbed. Antibody to the kappa light chain is reportedly useful in the identification of leukemias, plasmacytomas, and certain non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. Demonstration of clonality in lymphoid infiltrates indicates that the infiltrate is malignant.

Kappa Light Chain Antibody

V3591IHC-7ML 7 ml
EUR 349.3
Description: This mAb is specific to kappa light chain of immunoglobulin and shows no cross-reaction with lambda light chain or any of the five heavy chains. In mammals, the two light chains in an antibody are always identical, with only one type of light chain, kappa or lambda. The ratio of Kappa to Lambda is 70:30. However, with the occurrence of multiple myeloma or other B-cell malignancies this ratio is disturbed. Antibody to the kappa light chain is reportedly useful in the identification of leukemias, plasmacytomas, and certain non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. Demonstration of clonality in lymphoid infiltrates indicates that the infiltrate is malignant.

Kappa Light Chain Antibody

V3591SAF-100UG 100 ug
EUR 349.3
Description: This mAb is specific to kappa light chain of immunoglobulin and shows no cross-reaction with lambda light chain or any of the five heavy chains. In mammals, the two light chains in an antibody are always identical, with only one type of light chain, kappa or lambda. The ratio of Kappa to Lambda is 70:30. However, with the occurrence of multiple myeloma or other B-cell malignancies this ratio is disturbed. Antibody to the kappa light chain is reportedly useful in the identification of leukemias, plasmacytomas, and certain non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. Demonstration of clonality in lymphoid infiltrates indicates that the infiltrate is malignant.
Moreover, the secretion ranges of IL‑1β, IL‑6 and TNF‑α had been elevated in septic serum‑stimulated HUVECs. Septic serum therapy additionally enhanced superoxide anion era, promoted extracellular sign regulated kinase half of (ERK1/2), N‑terminal kinase (JNK) and p38 mitogen‑activated protein kinase (p38) phosphorylation, and elevated NF‑κB ranges within the nuclei of HUVECs. Lastly, pre‑therapy of HUVECs with the antioxidant N‑acetylcysteine, the ERK1/2 inhibitor PD98059, the p38 inhibitor SB203580, the JNK inhibitor SP610025 or the NF‑κB inhibitor pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate restored the septic serum‑induced IL‑1β, IL‑6 and TNF‑α expression. In conclusion, the outcomes of the present examine instructed that the septic serum‑induced endothelial cell harm could also be mediated by rising ROS era, activation of mitogen‑activated protein kinases and NF‑κB translocation.

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